BRIBERY - ENFORCE CHARTERPARTY AGAINST GUARANTOR - TORTURE - CONFESSION EVIDENCE OBTAINED BY TORTURE – LIABILITY OF GUARANTOR
The appeal was based on whether a charterparty's guarantor (HNA) could avoid liability under the guarantee because the charterparty was allegedly obtained through bribery and so was unenforceable. The bribery charge was based on confessions made in Chinese criminal procedures by individuals who reportedly paid and received the bribe.
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